Why representation rules matter

In many transactions, the key practical question is: who is authorized to represent and bind the company? The commercial register extract typically records representation rules (Vertretungsregelung) and the persons appointed to represent the entity according to its legal form.

Typical patterns

Depending on the legal form, representation can be by one person alone, jointly by two persons, or by a combination (for example, a managing director together with a procurist). The register extract wording is the reference point; paraphrases can change meaning.

Changes over time

Appointments and removals of directors or changes in representation rules are registerable events. For many corporate forms, the update occurs after a formal filing, and third parties often request a current extract to confirm the latest state.

Common representation formulations (high-level)

• Sole representation (einzelvertretungsberechtigt)
• Joint representation (gemeinschaftliche Vertretung)
• Special representation clauses (e.g., with procurists) depending on entry wording

Good practice when verifying authority

• Use a current official extract rather than a screenshot or summary
• Compare the full company name, seat, and register reference
• Check that the person signing is listed and matches the representation rule

Related pages

• Register extract — Where representation rules are typically visible.
• Changes & filings — How representation updates are registered.